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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, can make a taco that tasted delicious at noon become a nightmare by 3 p.m. It occurs when acids and other stomach contents persistently back up into the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. This is due to a weakening of the muscle between the stomach and esophagus (sphincter) – it just doesn’t close all the way.
An estimated 20% of people in the United States experience gastroesophageal reflux disease. Many, however, do not consult a doctor. They may dismiss the events as common acid reflux or heartburn – an occasional burning sensation in the neck and chest. But if the symptoms are frequent, long-lasting, and severe enough to interfere with day-to-day life enjoyments, it could be GERD.
When should someone see a doctor for recurring and severe acid reflux? The answer is always, because GERD can cause tissue damage to the esophagus. Untreated or unregulated, GERD can develop into more serious conditions.
How to Narrow Down GERD from Heartburn
If in doubt, these six symptoms can help someone determine if their discomfort can be attributed to GERD, not common acid reflux. Note, symptoms are wide-ranging, so two similar people may notice different signs.
- A chronic sore throat and/or hoarseness.
- A noticeably high rate of burping.
- Bad breath, often with a sour or bitter taste.
- Pain when swallowing and/or the feeling that food is stuck in the throat.
- Nausea and/or vomiting.
- Dental issues including swollen gums and enamel erosion.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease can be managed by modifying one’s diet, activities, and other behaviors. But left untreated, GERD can lead to other, more serious conditions:
Barrett’s esophagus – This uncommon complication of GERD – it affects 10% of patients – can develop into esophageal cancer. A key concern of Barrett’s esophagus is it does not display symptoms outside of GERD.
Esophageal cancer – Though rare at 0.5% of the population, esophageal cancer has a high mortality rate due to typically late diagnoses. The two most common types are squamous cell carcinoma, affecting the upper and middle esophagus, and adenocarcinoma, which develops near the stomach.
Swallowing disorders – Untreated, GERD can cause the esophagus to narrow, making it difficult to swallow and/or for food to pass to the stomach. Patients often experience pain, choking, or gagging.
Acid Test for Recovery
Only a gastroenterologist can determine for sure if simple heartburn or acid reflux is GERD. A number of diagnostic options are available at Cincinnati GI, from examining the throat with a slim, camera-equipped tube (upper endoscopy) to various forms of high-tech imaging.
If the results point to GERD, the patient will likely be advised to adopt a lower-acidic diet, lose weight, and avoid reflux exacerbators, such as nicotine and alcohol. Medications, including antacids and acid blockers, may be prescribed.
If GERD persists, the gastroenterologist could suggest one of several procedures to strengthen the sphincter muscle and keep those tacos down.
But until the patient consults a physician, meals could remain recurring nightmares.
